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Fowl Facts Information Center :: Medications 2007 :: Medications :: Chloromycetin / CHPC / Chloramphenicol

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Topic: Chloromycetin / CHPC / Chloramphenicol (Read 268 times)

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Chloromycetin / CHPC / Chloramphenicol
« Thread Started on Jun 27, 2007, 7:17pm »

Chloramphenicol / CHPC / Chloromycetin

ALSO CALLED "CHLOROMYCETIN"
AND ABBREVIATED "CHPC"

SPECIES:
Most

USED FOR:
Pneumonia, Eye infections, central nervous system infections, prostrate gland infections, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, rickettsia

http://www.marvistavet.com/html/body_chloramphenicol.html

AVAILABLE IN
250 mg & 500 mg
CAPSULES/TABLETS,
AS WELL AS IN AN ASSORTMENT OF EYE AND EAR FORMULATIONS

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
Since the development of penicillin and tetracycline, the first commercially produced antibiotics, we have sought to improve upon our ability to combat bacteria. We want medications that:

· Can be given orally so that medical treatment can be given at home

· Do not effect the normal bacterial residents of the body adversely

· Have minimal side effects

· Are able to penetrate through infected tissue (pus) or through natural barriers of the body where infection may be sequestered (such as within the eye, nervous system or prostate gland).

Chloramphenicol represents the product of years of antibiotic development. Due to its pH, it shines above most other antibiotics in terms of ability to penetrate.

Chloramphenicol can easily pass deeply through purulent material to the organisms hiding within, through cell membranes to attack parasites living within, and into organs where other antibiotics cannot go.

It acts on the protein manufacturing system of bacteria (the intracellular ribosomes) yet does not effect mammalian, reptilian, or avian ribosomes.

Highly susceptible bacteria are killed while others are merely rendered unable to divide. Chloramphenicol has an especially broad spectrum of activity against numerous aerobic bacteria, mycoplasma, Chlamydial organisms, and anaerobic bacteria.

HOW THIS MEDICINE IS USED
Chloramphenicol may be given orally or topically, usually three times daily.

Peak activity occurs approximately 30 minutes after an oral dose except in the nervous system where several hours are required for penetration of the "blood/brain barrier."

This medication is an especially good choice for infections where:

· There is a necrotic or walled off area with inner infection (pneumonia is a good example)

· The central nervous system or eye is involved

· The prostate gland is involved

· Intracellular parasites are involved (Chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia)

SIDE EFFECTS
In some individuals, chlorphenicol use may induce what are called "blood dyscrasias."

This means that abnormal blood cells can be produced or that production of normal cells can be halted due to an action of chloramphicol on patient bone marrow.

This reaction is especially of concern in cats and chloramphenicol should be used with caution in this species (special dosing, perhaps even some blood monitoring).

Chloramphenicol use may accumulate to toxic levels in very young animals (in first few weeks of life) and as they are not able to remove it from their bodies as effectively as adult animals.

For this reason, it is best not to give this medication during pregnancy or lactation.

Nausea, diarrhea, and appetite loss are relatively common (and usually minor) side effects of this medication but if they occur, another medication can be selected.

INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DRUGS
The following drugs may last longer than expected if used concurrently with chloramphenicol:

· Phenytoin (used for both heart disease and for seizures)

· Primidone (used for seizures)

· Phenobarbital (used for seizures)

· Cyclophosphamide (used in chemotherapy)

The use of phenobarbital may reduce the effectiveness of chloramphenicol.
The use of chloramphenicol may interfere with vaccinations.

CONCERNS & CAUTIONS
Three times a day dosing is inconvenient for most pet owners and often doses are missed.

One should be aware that in many cases other antibiotics (which can be given twice daily) can be substituted.

If you know that three times daily administration is not likely to be performed reliably, let your veterinarian know this.

Chloramphenicol powder reportedly tastes terrible and may not be accepted if tablets are crushed and mixed with food.

Chloramphenicol should not be used in patients with abnormal bone marrow, non-regenerative anemia, or circulating abnormal blood cells.

Chloramphenicol is removed from the body via the liver's detoxification mechanisms. If a patient is in liver failure, some other antibiotic is probably a better choice.

Chloramphenicol should not be used in breeding animals nor in pregnant females nor in newborns.
Vaccinations should not be given during a course of chlorphenicol.

HUMANS MAY DEVELOP FATAL APLASTIC ANEMIA
IF EXPOSED ORALLY TO CHLORAMPHENICOL
(RISK IS APPROXIMATELY ONE PERSON IN 25,000).
THIS CONDITION IS IRREVERSIBLE
AND IS NOT DEPENDENT UPON DOSAGES.
FOR THIS REASON, CHLORAMPHENICOL
HAS BEEN BANNED FROM FOOD ANIMAL USE
IN THE UNITED STATES AS WELL AS FROM HUMAN USE.
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT ONE WASH ONE'S HANDS
AFTER HANDLING THIS MEDICATION.

« Last Edit: Jun 27, 2007, 7:18pm by sc »

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